The applications of next-generation sequencing (NGS) are playing an emerging role in immune-oncology clinical studies, aiding in assessment of drug efficacy, patient stratification, and treatment decision-making for solid tumors. While many studies have highlighted the value of NGS, it is important to understand the current advancements and ongoing challenges in integrating diverse NGS applications within immuno-oncology. This presentation will explore the real-world applications, innovative approaches and future challenges of NGS application in the immuno-oncology field.