Neuroinflammation is a key feature of a variety of CNS diseases. Therefore, preclinical models that accurately replicate the extent and specific features of immune activation in the CNS are central to all phases of drug development. This presentation will walk through the preclinical models of neuroinflammation used in Scantox Discovery, from early screens in microglia to intact neuronal systems ex vivo (e.g. organotypic brain slices and brain organoids) to in vivo models of inflammatory phenotypes in various CNS diseases. The talk will highlight key concepts, opportunities and potential pitfalls that are critical when selecting models for drug discovery.