Recent achievements and remaining challenges in liquid biopsies for CNS pathologies? Blood and CSF - where is the gap for nasal fluid (if there is any)?

• Early detection vs. actionable insight — are we measuring disease or meaningful biology?

• Where do we need new diagnostic markers? And what kind of markers are needed?

Opportunities arising from minimally invasive longitudinal monitoring

• Moving beyond static imaging: can fluid biomarkers transform how we understand brain pathology?
• Where can longitudinal monitoring make the biggest impact?
• Is the future state: real-time adaptive dosing guided by biomarker-informed PK/PD?