What are the advantages and limitations of whole-cell, VLP, nanodisc and other membrane protein presentation formats?

How does antigen format impact outcomes in display technologies, immunization campaigns, and B-cell sorting workflows?

To what extent does antigen format influence downstream characterization, including SPR/BLI, functional assays, and structural studies such as cryo-EM?

How should antigen format selection be tailored to the target class, modality, and desired mechanism of action?

What practical lessons have organizations learned when moving from antigen generation to lead identification and optimization?